PC synchronization on WWVB (UTC time)
^   WWVB ( UTC)
Time extraction from a RFC868 Internet time server (accuracy: +/- 1 second) + PC synchronization (no licence required)
*Internet vremya RFC868 (tochnost: +/- 1 sec) + sinhronizaciya PC (bez licenzii)
Sound card speed
Sound card speed
"SYNCHRONIZATIONS LOG"
"SYNCHRONIZATIONS LOG"
Error when opening the mixer n:
    N:
(Optional) starting directory (type: C:\directory) :
  (: C:\directory) :
To extract the time from the Internet time
   -
Local time type
Local time type
ANTHORN (MSF) RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (LOCAL TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
ANTHORN (MSF) Ȩ  (  )   
Once finished, stop and start up the program again
,  
Don't modify the level after synchronization
    
Error on output buffer 1
Error on output buffer 1
Disconnection of the TCP/IP server.
  TCP/IP.
PC synchronization on CHU (UTC time)
^   CHU ( UTC)
A specific window permits to refine the input calibration or to select an I/Q signals inversion in input
         I/Q   
Impossible working because the minimum format required for the sound card is not available.
 ,         .
Impossible text record. Full hard disk?
  .   ?
Return to the menu without record
,   
and the disconnection will be done automatically.
*  .
and change of Internet time server.
*    .
Failure when opening the serial port COM
     COM
From Clock, for a distant QRA, paste the server
* Clock   QRA 
Connected!
Connected!
Winter time (UTC + 1 h)
Winter time (UTC + 1 h)
At
At
File to start with 5 seconds previous bell
   5    
RAI RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (LOCAL TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
  (     )
Day
Day
sam./s
sam./s
Impossible to open the file '+fichier+' in reading mode.
   '+fichier+'   .
Auxiliary functions which can be run only with the registered version.
 ,      .
Computer default sound card
^Computer default sound card
Selection of the sound card.
Selection of the sound card.
selected
selected
Initial frequency
Initial frequency
Direct interface via the sound card
    
No mixer found!
No mixer found!
Impossible working because there is no sound card.
 ,     .
No action
No action
File to start with halt of this program without prerun bell
        
Record and return to the menu
    
This command closes the window and the possible TCP/IP connection!
      TCP/IP !
Universal system date (M/D/Y)
Universal system date (M/D/Y)
Amplitude:
Amplitude:
Disconnection
Disconnection
Could be, possibly, asked by the Gui_serv_Multipsk server, for remote control.
,   Gui_serv_Multipsk   .
A valid frame has been received from CHU.
    CHU.
The
The
End of the sound card test:
End of the sound card test:
Local time type in UK
Local time type in UK
AM WWV/H carrier located at F=100 Hz
 AM WWV/H   F=100 Hz
Click on one of the two modulated carriers,
*  1  2  
WWV RECEIVED SSB TRANSMISSION (UTC TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
WWV Ȩ SSB  (UTC )   
GPS RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (UTC TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
GPS   (UTC )   
Month
Month
Time:
Time:
Stop alarm
Stop alarm
Determination of the sound card speed
   
This determination must be done once at the first start-up and for a new sound card. This determination can't be done with WWV/H (AM reception)
             .      WWV/H (AM )
RETURN TO THE MENU
  
Print
Print
MULTIPSK auxiliary functions
MULTIPSK auxiliary functions
About
^About
Return to the menu
  
&Sound Card
^&Sound Card
Information, help and way to acquire non-limited version
,      
Nature of the limitations and purchase conditions of the non-limited version
^  
To translate the labels, hints, error or information messages of this soft in another language thanks to the file Clock_English_to_another_language.TXT
  , ,           ,   Clock_English_to_another_language.TXT
as administrator
 
&Mixer
&Mixer
WWV-WWVH (SSB)
WWV-WWVH (SSB)
PC synchronization on RAI (Central European time, Italy...)
^   RAI ( , ...)
PC synchronization on GPS (UTC time)
   GPS ( UTC)
Alarm configuration
^Alarm configuration
Synchronizations log
Synchronizations log
determine the approximative speed of the sound card is
    
Ac&tions
^Ac&tions
English to another language
English to another language
User adjustment
User adjustment
Error when reading the file
Error when reading the file
UTC time:
UTC time:
ALARM CONFIGURATION ON LOCAL TIME
    
Alarm time (local time) from 00:00:00 to 23:59:59
  ( )  00:00:00  23:59:59
Choice of the action to start when alarm will be activate
      
File to start with halt of this program and 5 seconds previous bell
        5   
Toggle of DTR and RQS serial port pins without bell
  DTR  RQS    
Toggle of DTR and RQS serial port pins with 5 seconds bell
  DTR  RQS    5- 
Continuous bell to stop manually
    
Name of the executable .EXE, .COM or .BAT file to start (type: C:\directory\file.exe) :
   .EXE, .COM  .BAT   (: C:\directory\file.exe):
Disconnected
Disconnected
TCP/IP management (Selected IP adress / Port 37)
  TCP/IP ( IP- /  37)
The extraction must last only several seconds long
*   
Quit
Quit
Local system date (D/M/Y)
Local system date (D/M/Y)
Local system time
Local system time
Cancel
Cancel
Swap I and Q (direct and quadrature sound card inputs) for SdR receivers
 I  Q (     )   SDR
Problem: the SdR receiver or the sound card can introduce a bias on the amplitude and on the phase of I et Q. These bias must be corrected otherwise
:  SdR          I  Q.    , ..
Disconnection asked
Disconnection asked
The server is being searched
The server is being searched
TCP/IP client for reception of data coming from Multidem or Gui_serv_Multipsk
TCP/IP-     Multidem  Gui_serv_Multipsk
Then close this window, which will remain active.
*   ,   .
To stop data reception, click on "Disconnection".
*  ,  "Disconnection".
This command closes the window but not the TCP/IP connection!
   ,    TCP/IP!
IP (figures) or DNS (letters) of TCP/IP server:
IP ()  DNS ()  TCP/IP
The password (10 characters maximum) must not contain space
 ( 10 )    
Normal
Normal
Saturday
Saturday
Synchronized at
Synchronized at
= UTC time - 1 hour
= UTC time - 1 hour
A valid frame has been received from France-Inter.
    France-Inter.
A valid frame has been received from WWVB.
    WWVB.
A valid frame has been received from JJY.
    JJY.
Friday
Friday
with
with
datas/second
datas/second
Success opening the serial port linked to the GPS
   ,   GPS
Second test (sharp), the PLL must indicate 500 Hz:
  (),    500 Hz
Test of the sound card speed on three minutes, in progress...
     , ...
DCF 77 OR HBG RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (LOCAL TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
DCF 77  HBG Ȩ  ( )   
BBC RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (UTC TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
BBC Ȩ  (UTC )   
WWV RECEIVED AM TRANSMISSION (UTC TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
WWV Ȩ AM  (  UTC)   
AM carriers located at F=2025/2225 Hz
 AM   F=2025/2225 Hz
CHU RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (UTC TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
CHU Ȩ  (UTC )   
Click on this button if the label "PC problem" lights
   ,    "PC problem"
Year
Year
SOUND CARD CONTROL
SOUND CARD CONTROL
Recording
Recording
Universal  systme time (UTC) display
    (UTC)
PC AND SIGNAL STATES
PC AND SIGNAL STATES
PC problem
PC problem
Test of the sound card speed (3 minutes)
    (3 )
First test (crude) for an approximative result:
  ()   
Attention! Don't move the window
!   
Error in input capacity determination.
    .
Error in output capacity determination.
    .
Error on output header 1
Error on output header 1
Impossible to open the file '+fichier+' in writing mode.
   '+fichier+'   .
Impossible to read file 2 datas .
    2.
Level on sound inputs
Level on sound inputs
Microphone
Microphone
User:
User:
&Help and licence
^&Help and licence
Translation file
^Translation file
This program must be run
   
(right click over Clock)
(   Clock)
Software adjustment of the mixer or user adjustment
     
&Sound input
&Sound input
Selection of the sound card input connected to the receiver.
   ,   .
&Input level
&Input level
Selection of the AF input signal amplification or AGC (for Automatic Gain Control)
    AF   AGC  ( Automatic Gain Control)
Serial port for GPS
^Serial port for GPS
PC synchronization on FRANCE-INTER (Central European time, France...)
   FRANCE-INTER ( , ...)
PC synchronization on DCF 77 or on HBG (Central European time, Germany...)
^   DCF 77  HBG ( , ...)
PC synchronization on ANTHORN (MSF) (english time)
^   ANTHORN (MSF) ( )
PC synchronization on BBC (UTC time)
^   BBC (  UTC)
PC synchronization on WWV-WWVH in AM (UTC time)
^   WWV-WWVH  AM ( UTC)
PC synchronization on WWV-WWVH in SSB (UTC time)
^   WWV-WWVH  SSB ( UTC)
PC synchronization on JJY (japanese time)
   JJY ( )
Display of the level on sound inputs
    
Level on inputs
Level on inputs
Mixer control
Mixer control
&Exit
^&Exit
Maximum limit of modification
Maximum limit of modification
1 day
1 day
None
^None
No
No
Internet time
Internet time
Attention! at the first startup,  an automatic test to
!      
done. The user will do then, manually, do the second test
  , ,  
(panel: "Determination of the sound card speed")
   
The demodulation operation of the I/Q signals coming from the sound card is directly done by Clock (which plays the role of a SdR program). The bandwidth considered is the USB side, in base band. So, all time stations are decoded in USB.
  I/Q-,    ,     (    SdR).      USB,    .  ,      USB.
Options
Options
Interface for SdR receiver
Interface for SdR receiver
French to another language
French to another language
Line in left channel
Line in left channel
Line in right channel
Line in right channel
Mixer problem. No record control found!
  .    !
Mixer problem. No sound input (wave) found!
  .   ()  !
Mixer problem. No sound input in record mode found!
  .      !
Mixer problem. No capacity to adjust record level!
  .     !
The directory associated to the file "SNDVOL32.EXE" or "SNDVOL.EXE" has not been found... So the mixer control by the user from Multipsk is not possible.
,    "SNDVOL32.EXE"  "SNDVOL.EXE",  ...      Multipsk .
Software adjustment
Software adjustment
detected
detected
CHU (SSB)
CHU (SSB)
CHU (AM)
CHU (AM)
Error when closing fichier in writing mode n
       N
in writing mode.
in writing mode.
Impossible to write in the file
   
Impossible to open the file
Impossible to open the file
in reading mode.
in reading mode.
Error when closing the file in reading mode n
       N
Error when closing the mixer n:
    N:
.EXE files|*.EXE|.COM files|*.COM|.BAT files|*.BAT|
 .EXE|*.EXE|.COM |*.COM|.BAT |*.BAT|
Local time:
Local time:
Second
Second
Choice of serial port
Choice of serial port
Starting executable file name loading
    
Connection asked
Connection asked
Connected to
Connected to
(UTC time).
(UTC time).
Time extraction from a RFC868 Internet time server (accuracy: +/- 1 second)
   RFC868 (: +/- 1 )
Log
Log
server, click on "Connection".
*,   "Connection".
In case of failure, click on "Disconnection"
*    Disconnection"
DNS of the TCP/IP Internet time server:
DNS -  TCP/IP
Local system time display
Local system time display
Universal system time
Universal system time
Phase:
Phase:
Correction OK
Correction OK
Reset to 0
Reset to 0
Important: the bandwidth considered by this software is the base band of the USB part of the spectrum (F=0  x Hz)
:  ,   , -    USB-  (F=0  x Hz)
The RX calibrations might be precisely done with Multidem and then directly transfered here (if different from 0).
  (RX)       Multidem,      (   0).
Corrections of phase and amplitude intended to compensate the imperfection of the quadrature putting of Q compared to I
         Q    I
a fraction of the LSB (F<0) spectrum will be on the USB part (F>0) and reversely. Normally, I et Q have the same amplitude but a phase of 90  between them.
   (F<0)     (F>0)  .  I  Q   ,       90.
The RX "Amplitude" and "Phase" parameters determined with Multidem must be introduced here.
 "Amplitude"  "Phase" RX,    Multidem,    .
Error
Error
Information
Information
No selected serial port.
No selected serial port.
Success when opening the serial port COM
    COM
. May be, is'nt it the mouse? So, no selected serial port.
.  ,  ? ,    .
Synchronized the
Synchronized the
TCP/IP management (Selected IP adress / Port 3020)
  TCP/IP ( IP- /  3020)
Connection
Connection
First start the server (+ "Link opening" on Multidem).
*   (+ "Link opening"  Multidem).
WEB IP or DNS. Then, to allow the reception of
*WEB IP  DNS. ,  
data from the TCP/IP server, click on "Connection".
*  TCP/IP ,  "Connection".
Wait for the connection ("Connected!" must appear).
*  (  "Connected!").
Multidem is a TCP/IP server and a digital modulator/demodulator for SdR and DSB transceivers
 -  TCP/IP    /  SDR  DSB 
Gui_serv_Multipsk is a TCP/IP server in interface with a SdR software, for RX/TX operations
*Gui_serv_Multipsk  TCP/IP      SdR  RX/TX .
In thousands of samples received
  
If Clock and the server are on the same PC: 127.0.0.1
 Clock     : 127.0.0.1
Password:
Password:
No update of the PC system time in limited version.
       .
at
at
UTC date synchronization:
UTC date synchronization:
Backup
Backup
Inderminate
Inderminate
Summer time (UTC + 2 h)
Summer time (UTC + 2 h)
Sunday
Sunday
Date synchronization:
Date synchronization:
A valid frame has been received from Anthorn.
    .
A valid frame has been received from DCF 77.
    DCF 77.
= UTC time
= UTC time
= UTC time + 1 hour
= UTC time + 1 hour
A valid frame has been received from BBC.
    BBC.
A valid frame has been received from WWV/WWVH.
    WWV/WWVH.
Monday
Monday
Tuesday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Wednesday
(local time).
(local time).
Thursday
Thursday
A valid frame has been received from the RAI.
    RAI.
Sound card out of order...impossible working
  ... 
No alarm requested
No alarm requested
File to start without prerun bell
    
Toggle of DRT and RQS serial port pins without bell
    DRT  RQS  
Toggle of DRT and RQS serial port pins with 5 seconds bell
    DRT  RQS  5-  
No alarm in limited version
No alarm in limited version
A valid frame has been received from the GPS.
    GPS.
Failure opening the serial port linked to the GPS
    ,   GPS
Second test (sharp)...only with DCF77, MSF...
  ()...   DCF77, MSF....
Yes
Yes
Reception of the time frame
Reception of the time frame
Antenna
Antenna
WWVB RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (UTC TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
WWVB Ȩ  (  UTC)   
JJY RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (JAPANESE TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
JJY Ȩ  ( )   
FRANCE-INTER RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (LOCAL TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
FRANCE-INTER Ȩ  (. )   
Public holiday
Public holiday
Number of received frames
Number of received frames
at 100 Hz around the main carrier.
*  100 Hz  .
Carriers located at F=2025/2225 Hz
    F=2025/2225 Hz
The spectrum is given for information
   
AM carriers located at F=2000/2500 Hz
* AM  F=2000/2500 Hz
The carriers must be tuned from the receiver
     
Carriers located at F=2000/2500 Hz
    F=2000/2500 Hz
Decoding of data (RX) coming from the TCP/IP server Multidem or Gui_server_Multipsk, transmitted through a TCP/IP link
  (RX)   Multidem  Gui_server_Multipsk,   TCP/IP
Slow PC
Slow PC
Help
^Help
Various:
Various:
Day of week
Day of week
Overload
Overload
Hour
Hour
Minute
Minute
PLL locking
PLL locking
GPS CONTROL WINDOW
GPS CONTROL WINDOW
Alarm time
Alarm time
Alarm!
Alarm!
Input level
Input level
LOCAL AND UNIVERSAL SYSTEM TIME DISPLAY
 Local  UTC  
Universal system date (D/M/Y)
Universal system date (D/M/Y)
Local system date (M/D/Y)
Local system date (M/D/Y)
Warning sound on synchronization
   
Level
Level
during the time frame reception.
  .
Frequency
Frequency
To be done once at the first start-up!
    !
Sf =
Sf =
Error on input header 1
Error on input header 1
Error on input header 2
Error on input header 2
Error on output header 2
Error on output header 2
Impossible to write in the file, in writing mode.
   ,   .
Impossible writing of sound format.
   .
File format is not WAV type.
File format is not WAV type.
File format is not "RIFF" type.
    "RIFF".
File sound format is not "PCM" type.
    "PCM".
No data in the file
No data in the file
Impossible to read file datas.
   .
Error on the recording speed
Error on the recording speed
Disconnection of the TCP/IP server. Return to normal working from the sound card.
 TCP/IP-.       .
TCP/IP connection problem...click on the "Mdem" button to see the problem description and restart the connection.
   TCP/IP...   "Mdem",       .
Default Parameters
^Default Parameters
Attention! Return to default parameters (included alarm configuration)
*Vnimanie! Vozvrat k parametram po umolchaniyu (vklyuchaya konfiguraciyu signalizacii)
PC synchronization on FRANCE-INTER (Central European time, France...), now obsolete
^   FRANCE-INTER ( , ...),  
PC synchronization on JJY (Japanese time)
^   JJY ( )
FRANCE-INTER is now obsolete (no more time signals transmission by the Allouis transmitter which will be stopped at the end of the year 2016)
FRANCE-INTER   (       ,      2016 )
Does not concern CHU, RAI and WWV/H (in AM) and the GPS
*Ne kasaetsya CHU, RAI  WWV/H (), GPS
Sound card type selection (48KHz or 44,1 KHz)
*Vybor tipa zvuk karta (48 KHz ili 44,1 KHz)
Sound card 48 KHz
Sound card 48 KHz
To select if it is a modern sound card normally at 48 KHz (i.e. the sampling speed of the tested sound card will be close to 48000 Hz)
*CHastota diskretizacii pri teste budet blizko k 48000 Hz.
Sound card 44.1 KHz
Sound card 44.1 KHz
To select if it is an old sound card normally at 44,1 KHz (i.e. the sampling speed of the tested sound card will be close to 11025 Hz = 44100/4)
 ,      ,   44,1 KHz (          11025 Hz = 44100/4)
Modern sound cards are at 48 KHz and old ones at 44,1 KHz
  ,  48 KHz,  44,1 KHz
To select if the sampling speed of the tested sound card is rather different from to 48000 (old sound card at 44.1 KHz)
*Esli skorost vyborki pri teste silno otlichaetsya ot 48000 (staraya zvuk karta 44,1 KHz).
Could be possibly asked by the Gui_serv_Multipsk server for remote control
* Gui_serv_Multipsk    .
To be done once at the first start-up
    
or if you change your sound card
     
You can, possibly, change manually the frequency:
   
PC synchronization on GPS 1 stop bit (UTC time)
^   GPS, 1 - ( UTC)
PC synchronization on GPS 2 stop bits (UTC time)
^   GPS, 2   (  UTC)
GPS 1 stop bit
GPS 1 stop bit
The NMEA 0183 serial transmission between your GPS and Clock is done in 4800 bauds 8-n-1 (standard)
*Peredacha po protokolu NMEA 0183 mezhdu GPS i Clock na skorosti 4800 bauds 8-n-1 (standard)
GPS 2 stop bits
GPS 2 stop bits
The serial transmission between GPS and Clock is done in 4800 bauds 8-n-2 (non standard but possible)
*Peredacha mezhdu GPS i Clock na skorosti 4800 bauds 8-n-2 (nestandartno, no vozmozhno)
DCF 77 RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (LOCAL TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
Ȩ  DCF 77 ( ) -   
FLE (ex FRANCE-INTER) RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (LOCAL TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
FLE (ex FRANCE-INTER) Ȩ  ( )   
List of the limited functions and modes
   
Functions and modes which can be only run with the registered version
  ,      
PC synchronization on ALS162 (ex France-Inter) (Central European time, France...)
   ALS162 (ex France-Inter) ( , ...)
PC synchronization on RAI (Central European time, Italy...), but RAI is closed
   RAI ( , ...),  RAI 
PC synchronization on DCF 77 (Central European time, Germany...)
   DCF 77 ( , ...)
PC synchronization on MSF (British time)
   MSF ( )
ALS162 (ex France-Inter) disposed of a 800 KW transmitter on 162 KHz located in Allouis (Cher), 200 km south-west of Paris. On his/her SSB receiver, the user adjusts the frequency to 162.5 KHz in LSB or 161.5 KHz in USB
 ALS162 (ex France-Inter)    800    162 KHz,    (),  200   -  .   SSB-     162,5 KHz  LSB   161,5 KHz  USB
DCF 77 disposes of an 50 KW transmitter on 77,5 KHz, located in Mainflingen near Francfort, 500 km north-east of Paris. On his/her SSB receiver, the user adjusts the frequency to 78 KHz in LSB or 77 KHz in USB
DCF 77    50    77,5 KHz,    ,   ,  500   -  .     SSB-  78 KHz  LSB   77 KHz  USB
BBC disposes of a 500 KW transmitter on 198 KHz located in Droiwich (in England near Gales). On his/her SSB receiver, the user adjusts the frequency to 198.5 KHz in LSB or 197.5 KHz in USB
BBC    500    198 KHz   ( ,   ).    SSB-    198,5 KHz  LSB   197,5 KHz  USB
MSF disposes of a 17 KW transmitter on 60 KHz located in Anthorn (north of England). On his/her SSB receiver, the user adjusts the frequency to 60.5 KHz in LSB or 59.5 KHz in USB
MSF    17    60 KHz   (  ).   SSB-     60,5 KHz  LSB   59,5 KHz  USB
WWVB, located at Fort Collins in the Colorado (USA), disposes of one 70 kW transmitter on 60 Khz and of two (north and south) antennas. On his/her SSB receiver, the user adjusts the frequency to 60.5 KHz in LSB or 59.5 KHz in USB
WWVB,   -,  (),     70    60 KHz    (  ).   SSB-     60,5 KHz  LSB   59,5 KHz  USB
CHU, located at Ottawa in Canada, disposes of transmitters on 3330, 7850 and 14670 KHz. On his/her AM receiver, the user adjusts, for example, the frequency to 7850 KHz in AM. The CHU transmission can be received in USB (see "Functions of ..." for details
CHU,   , ,     3330, 7850  14670 KHz.   -  , ,   7850 KHz  .  CHU    USB ( .  "...")
WWV, located at Fort Collins in the Colorado (USA) and WWVH, located at Hawaii (USA) dispose of transmitters on 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mhz (WWV only). On his/her AM receiver, the user adjusts, for example, the frequency to 15000 KHz
WWV,   -,   (),  WWVH,    (),     2,5, 5, 10, 15  20 MHz ( WWV).   -  , ,   15000 KHz
WWV, located at Fort Collins in the Colorado and WWVH, located at Hawaii dispose of transmitters on 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Mhz (WWV only). On his/her SSB receiver, the user adjusts, for example, the frequency to 14999 KHz in USB or 15001 KHz in LSB
WWV,   -,  ,  WWVH,   ,     2,5, 5, 10, 15  20 MHz ( WWV).   SSB-  , ,   14999 KHz  USB  15001 KHz  LSB
JJY, located in Japan, disposes of a 50 kW transmitter on 60 kHz and another one of 50 kW on 40 kHz. On the SSB receiver, the user adjusts the frequency to 40.5 KHz in LSB or 39.5 KHz in USB or 60.5 KHz in LSB or 59.5 KHz in USB
JJY,   ,    50   60 KHz     50   40 KHz.   SSB     40,5 KHz  LSB  39,5 KHz  USB,   60,5 KHz  LSB,  59,5 KHz  USB
The RAI time station is closed since 2022
RAI     2022 
Positions on OMMap
Positions on OMMap
Positions of the time transmitters in operation are displayed on OMMap. For this, OMMap must started before Clock
      OMMap.   OMMap    Clock
ALS162 (ex France-Inter) RECEIVED TRANSMISSION (LOCAL TIME) DISPLAY AND CONTROL
ALS162 ( France-Inter) Ȩ  ( )   
